Physical activity and health

Physical activity and healthy sports are essential to our health and welfare. Adequate physical activity and sport for all are one of the pillars for a healthy lifestyle, along with healthy food, avoid life without tobacco and other substances harmful to health.


Physical activity is:

• For the individual: a strong means of preventing diseases;
• For governments: one of the methods with better cost-effectiveness in promoting health of a population.


The regular exercise provides many benefits to young people (physical, mental and social) to health.


Studies show that:

• In adolescents, the more participation in physical activities, the lower the likelihood of coming to smoke;
• In children who are more physically active there is a higher academic performance.
• Games team in a positive way to promote social integration and facilitates the development of social skills of adolescents.
• Reduces the risk of premature death;
• Reduces the risk of death from heart disease or stroke, which account for 30% of all causes of death;
• Reduces the risk of developing heart disease, colon cancer and type 2 diabetes;
• Helps prevent / reduce hypertension, which affects 20% of adults worldwide;
• Helps control weight and reduces the risk of becoming obese;
• Helps prevent / reduce osteoporosis, reducing the risk of fracture of the femoral neck in women;
• Reduces the risk of developing back pain and may help the treatment of painful conditions, including back pain and pain in the knees;
• Help the growth and maintenance of bones, muscles and joints healthy;
• Promote the psychological well-being, reduces stress, anxiety and depression;
• Helps prevent and control high-risk behavior, especially in children and adolescents.





The benefits to health are usually obtained at least 30 minutes of cumulative moderate physical activity every day. This level of daily activity can be achieved through enjoyable physical activities and movements of the body from day to day, such as walking to work, climbing stairs, gardening, dancing and many other recreational sports.
Additional benefits can be obtained through moderate physical activity daily for long term:


• Children and adolescents need 20 additional minutes of vigorous physical activity, 3 times per week;
• The control of weight requires at least 60 minutes of daily vigorous physical activity / moderate.
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Obesity in Adolescence

Why?

"... Childhood obesity is obesity in adulthood predictive". Some studies show that 50% of obese children at 6 months of life and 80% of those under 5 years old will always be obese. An obese adolescent has more than 70% probability of becoming an obese adult. The statistics are merciless: 27 of 28 untreated cases of obese adolescents will be obese adults.




RISK FACTORS

• Access to chocolates, gum, biscuits, soft drinks; changing dietary habits; familiar tendency; change of lifestyle (Stay over in front of the TV).
Change of style of modern life
• Technological development
• Modern facilities:
• Means of transport
• Elevators
• Pace of life in cities
• Physical Activity
• Television
• Computer Games
• Internet
• Ingestion of foods with high fat content
• The time spent in front of the TV is one of the risk factors of childhood obesity and juvenile!
• New food products - "fast food"
• Products with high caloric content, cakes, biscuits, chocolates, gum, soda
• Advertising Parents Food = act of pure power consumption without giving the body time to receive and digest food adequately
• Familiar tendency
• Obesity does not inherit


Obese parents tend to have obese children but ... It’s a real hereditary transmission or a pseudo-transmission, where the central element is the purchase of food and hygiene habits in common.





CONSEQUENCES OF OBESITY
IN ADOLESCENCE

• Postural changes and orthopedic
• Hypertension
• Respiratory distress
• skin problems
• Cholesterol and high triglycerides
• Persistence of obesity in adulthood
• psychosocial problems


Obesity in adolescence can lead to:

• Low self-esteem
• Social Isolation
• Depression
• Disorders of personality


OBESITY IN ADOLESCENCE

Obese adolescents have 4 times more likely to develop depression than adolescents with weight normal.
Adolescents overweight have a prevalence rate of depressive episode of 80% and normal weight adolescents have rates of 21%


PREVENTION OF OBESITY IN ADOLESCENCE

Parents have a fundamental role:

• the acquisition by the child of healthy eating habits
• the encouragement of physical activity





Parents should:

• inform themselves about the proper nutrition of their children
• Try not compensate for their absence with sweets and other high calorie foods
• The accession of the parents is crucial, they must not only teach Their
• children, but also change their diet to a more healthy diet and they
• participate with their children in less sedentary activities!


School also has a very important role:

• In the information on nutrition and health
• Promotion of sport
• Provision of more healthy foods (controlling what is sold in bar)


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Pregnancy in adolescence

From the sixties of last century, pregnancy in adolescents is an event was considered problematic and a public health problem to be prevented. Besides the high incidence considered, pregnancy in this age group was associated with the abandonment of studies, the occupational injury and future family conflicts, and labeled for inappropriate, irresponsible, inappropriate, unwanted or early.

This is the representation that it has spread in the media and is established as true.


One of these surveys, conducted in a municipality of Ijuí in the interior of Rio Grande do Sul, with 46% of pregnant women up to 18 years of age whose birth occurred in 2005, showed that the majority of the interviewees is in the final phase of adolescence ( 69% are between 16 and 18 years), not studying or working (78%), became pregnant within a stable relationship with an older partner (72% live with husband or partner) and 84% denies conflict on pregnancy .

These data show a profile of teenage pregnancy different concept of unintended pregnancy, unwanted or conflicting, suggesting that many adolescents of the popular classes have a similar behavior to those of previous generations of women in the age suitable for marriage and motherhood. Without prospects of progress in studies or fall in the labor market, opt for union with his companions, on which a pregnancy is a foreseeable event and even desired.

These results can not be considered a pregnancy in adolescence in a homogeneous and, although not all the opportunities in something positive and free of risks or problems, it is not always accidental, irresponsible or problematic.

The speech only on the adolescent pregnancy has led to discrimination and social costs to those adolescents who, along with his companions, would like to live with joy and happiness to their pregnancy.

The recognition of multiple meanings and different contexts related to adolescent pregnancy can make a change in how the society, health systems and professionals identify and interpret the event. Does not prevent what is desired. The profile of teenage pregnancy will acquire different characteristics of the current when and if the company has features such as better distribution of income and equal rights and opportunities.



How to prevent pregnancy


The one hundred percent effective method to prevent pregnancy is abstinence, is not having sex. But the contraceptive methods to help prevent unwanted pregnancy, allowing the experience of sexuality be healthy and safe.

The degree of effectiveness varies from method to method. In some cases, as with the pill and condoms, the level of effectiveness depends, too, of a more or less correct and continuous use of the method. Some have contra-indications and e side effects. So before choosing a contraceptive method you must make an appointment for family planning or consult your doctor.

There are some factors that must be weighed and examined by a doctor or health professional, such as the age and lifestyle, if you have or intend to have more children, the state of health in general, the need for protection against infections of sexual transmission, etc.

Above all, remember that the responsibility for the prevention of unwanted pregnancy falls when the two partners.

What contraceptive methods are available?


* Hormonal oral contraception (commonly known as pill)
* Hormonal Contraceptive injection
* Contraceptive-hormonal implant
* Intra-uterine device (IUD)
* Male Spermicides *
*Periodic abstinence / self
* Surgical Contraception
* Emergency contraception




The condom is the only contraceptive method that both protects against sexually transmitted infections.
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Drugs in Adolescence

Every day the media disclose the occurrence of killings of young people in some way are involved with the trafficking or drug use. So increasingly are many deaths, which at once are eliminated several young people of both sexes. The reasons for such violence are almost always the same: either a dispute between drug traffickers seeking control of a piece of city, or the disposal of consumers who do not pay for the drug.





All kinds of violence in the streets, the crossings in invasions of homes, has the young players who, when arrested, confess they are addicted to illegal drugs. Steal and kill under action of drugs and therefore act to get the resources with which they will buy more drugs.
Adolescence is the transition from childhood to adulthood.

The changes that live at this stage cannot fail to surprise you, you feel different, you just insurance. These changes are not limited to the body; occur in the way they think, feel and behavior.
From a stage where parents were your absolute reference, becomes another stage where you start to separate them to build your identity. Your referrals are new models and idols. You have interests and ideas and, especially, feel a great desire for new experiences.
This is where the drug is a factor that can think to solve your problems.
In this period of your life you will begin to make decisions alone, of being independent, which means that you join the groups. And for fear of not being accepted by them, you submit to its rules. The quest for independence leads you to be dependent on the rules of that group and often dependent on drugs. Because many times the rule of that group and drugs themselves.




The adolescent feels is omnipotent in the face of death and not fear any risk that might take. We don’t believe that one day the same drug that gives us much pleasure will have a total area, and will fully controlled by it.
It is undeniable that the drugs provide a pleasant sensation for a period of time, but this same object of pleasure can lead to a path of no return - death.
The drug promotes the removal of the family, anxiety, loss of health, loss of friends, impotence, loss of self and death.
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